Targeting the key underlying mechanisms in mitochondrial disease.
Khondrion’s development programme is based on more than 10 years of academic research, leveraging the increased understanding of the underlying mechanisms of primary mitochondrial disease in combination with the development of new cellular readouts.
Khondrion’s drug development strategy is based on counteracting these cellular consequences to stall disease progression and to restore normal cellular function.
Our lead compound sonlicromanol was developed based on a comprehensive screening programme after we had first determined the most direct disease-causing factors present across most of the now known pathogenic variants in genes causing mitochondrial diseases – i.e. reductive distress, oxidative distress and inflammation.
Khondrion’s in-house discovery engine is using unique live-cell imaging technologies and disease models to build a portfolio of promising compounds. Active discovery programmes are underway developing new therapies, biomarkers, and new read-out technologies in the field of mitochondrial diseases.
Khondrion’s wholly-owned investigational lead asset, sonlicromanol (formerly known as KH176), is a potential first-in-class medicine and one of the most advanced disease-modifying drug candidates for primary mitochondrial disease in clinical development.Sonlicromanol targets the key underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial disease based on its scientifically validated and unique triple mode of action. Sonlicromanol is a reductive and oxidative distress modulator with anti-inflammatory properties.
KHENERGY – Early clinical proof of concept was achieved for sonlicromanol in the Company’s Phase IIa KHENERGY study. The study generated consistent pharmacokinetic, safety and tolerability data and sonlicromanol demonstrated significant cognition and mood -related patient improvements. Publication of the KHENERGY study results.
KHENERGYZE – In January 2020 Khondrion commenced its international multi-centre Phase IIb KHENERGYZE study of sonlicromanol in adult patients with Classic MELAS Syndrome spectrum disorders. The study’s objective was to reconfirm and expand on the positive findings from the KHENERGY study. The double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled 3-way cross-over study investigated the effect of sonlicromanol in 27 adult patients with a m.3243A>G PMD mutation which is responsible for Classic MELAS Syndrome spectrum disorders as well as pre-confirmed cognitive impairment using a cognition-related inclusion test. In addition to the endpoints that were assessed in the Phase IIa study, the KHENERGYZE study added several cognition related endpoints developed by Cogstate which are broadly validated in a number of CNS indications as well as several outcome parameters in other domains that were not studied before. Last patient enrolled in Phase IIb KHENERGYZE trial.
KHENEREXT – Patients who had successfully completed the KHENERGYZE study were offered to participate in a 12 month open label extension study, announced in October 2021. The main objective of this trial was to enable continued sonlicromanol treatment for those patients while collecting additional insightful longer-term data. Khondrion announces first patients dosed in KHENEREXT Phase IIb extension study examining long-term safety and efficacy of oral sonlicromanol in mitochondrial disease patients.
The results of the Khenergyze and Khenerext trials – the Phase 2b program – have been published in Brain
KHENERGYC – In April 2021 Khondrion commenced its paediatric Phase II study to explore the pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of sonlicromanol in children. The double blind, placebo-controlled study is investigating the effect of sonlicromanol in 24 children (from birth to 17 years) with genetically confirmed primary mitochondrial disease of which the gene defect is known to hamper the functioning of one or more oxidative phosphorylation system enzymes and who are suffering from movement disorders. The study’s primary objective is to evaluate the effect of sonlicromanol on motor function using a range of validated, quantitative assessments including the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 and the Nine Hole Peg Test. Khondrion announces first patients dosed in 6-month paediatric Phase II study of sonlicromanol for mitochondrial diseases.
Sonlicromanol has been granted Orphan Drug Designations for the treatment of MELAS, Leigh disease and patients with MIDD in Europe and for all inherited mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders in the USA. It has also been granted a Rare Pediatric Disease designation by the US FDA for the treatment of MELAS.
Khondrion is exploring the potential of its pipeline to target other diseases.
Press release – Khondrion announces publication in Scientific Reports outlining an additional anti-inflammatory mode of action for its lead phase IIb-stage drug candidate sonlicromanol
Press release – Khondrion announces publication in PLOS ONE of new research showing normalisation of prostate cancer stem cell mPGES-1 overexpression and inhibition of cancer spheroid growth by sonlicromanol’s active metabolite
Jan Smeitink, Just van Es, Brigitte Bosman, Mirian C H Janssen, Thomas Klopstock, Grainne Gorman, John Vissing, Gerrit Ruiterkamp, Chris J Edgar, Evertine J Abbink, Rob van Maanen, Oksana Pogoryelova, Claudia Stendel, Almut Bischoff, Ivan Karin, Mahtab Munshi, Anne Kümmel, Lydia Burgert, Christianne Verhaak, Herma Renkema
Brain. 2024 Nov 06; awae277. doi: 10.1093/brain/awae277
Klein Gunnewiek TM, Verboven AHA, Pelgrim I, Hogeweg M, Schoenmaker C, Renkema H, Beyrath J, Smeitink J, de Vries BBA, Hoen PAC’, Kozicz T, Nadif Kasri N.
Stem Cell Reports. 2021 Sep 14;16(9):2197-2212. doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.07.002. Epub 2021 Jul 29.
PMID: 34329596 Free PMC article.
X. Jiang, H. Renkema, B. Pennings, S. Pecheritsyna, J.C. Schoeman, T. Hankemeier, J. Smeitink & J. Beyrath
Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 13;11(1):880. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79466-w.
Schwartzentruber A, Boschian C, Lopes FM, Myszczynska MA, New EJ, Beyrath J, Smeitink J, Ferraiuolo L, Mortiboys H.
Sci Rep. 2020 Sep 23;10(1):15485. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72345-4.
Smeitink, J.; Jiang, X.; Pecheritsyna, S.; Renkema, H.; van Maanen, R.; Beyrath, J.
Preprints 2020, 2020040180 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202004.0180.v1)
Jan Smeitink, Saskia Koene, Julien Beyrath, Christiaan Saris, Douglas Turnbull, Mirian Janssen
JIMD reports, 2019, volume 46, issue 1
Eligio F. Iannetti, Jan A. M. Smeitink, Peter H. G. M. Willems, Julien Beyrath & Werner J. H. Koopman
Cell Death & Disease, 2018, volume 9, 1135.
Mirian CH Janssen, Saskia Koene, Paul de Laat, Pleun Hemelaar, Peter Pickkers, Edwin Spaans, Rypko Beukema, Julien Beyrath, Jan Groothuis, Chris Verhaak, Jan Smeitink
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2018, July 30th
Julien Beyrath, Mina Pellegrini, Herma Renkema, Lisanne Houben, Svetlana Pecheritsyna, Peter van Zandvoort, Petra van den Broek, Akkiz Bekel, Pierre Eftekhari & Jan A. M. Smeitink
Scientific Reports 2018, April 26; 8:6577
Saskia Koene, Edwin Spaans, Luc van Bortel, Griet van Lancker, Brant Delafontaine, Fabio Badilini, Julien Beyrath and Jan Smeitink.
Orphanet Journal of Rare diseases 2017 Oct 2; 12:163
de Haas R, Das D, Garanto A, Renkema HG, Greupink R, van den Broek P, Pertijs J, Collin RWJ, Willems P,
Beyrath J, Heerschap A, Russel FG, Smeitink JA.
Scientific Reports 2017 Sep 15;7(1):11733.
Eligio Iannetti, Jan Smeitink, Julien Beyrath, Peter Willems, Werner Koopman.
Nature Protocols (2016) 11, 1693-1710
Werner Koopman, Julien Beyrath, Cheuk‐Wing Fung, Saskia Koene, Richard Rodenburg, Peter Willems, Jan Smeitink.
EMBO Molecular Medicine (2016) emmm.201506131.
Eligio Iannetti, Peter Willems, Mina Pellegrini, Julien Beyrath, Jan Smeitink, Lionel Blanchet, Werner Koopman.
The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 63 (2015) 66-70.
Sarah Foriel, Peter Willems, Jan Smeitink, Annette Schenck, Julien Beyrath.
The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 63 (2015) 60-65.
Lionel Blanchet, Jan A.M. Smeitink, Sjenet E. van Emst-de Vries, Caroline Vogels, Mina Pellegrini, An I. Jonckheere, Richard J.T. Rodenburg, Lutgarde M.C. Buydens, Julien Beyrath, Peter H.G.M. Willems and Werner J.H. Koopman.
Scientific Reports, 26;5:8035 (2015).
Gerald Pfeffer, Rita Horvath, Thomas Klopstock, Vamsi K. Mootha, Anu Suomalainen, Saskia Koene, Michio Hirano,Massimo Zeviani, Laurence A. Bindoff,Patrick Yu-Wai-Man, Michael Hanna, Valerio Carelli, Robert McFarland, Kari Majamaa, Douglas M. Turnbull,
Jan Smeitink and Patrick F.Chinnery
Nature Review Neurology 9, 474–481 (2013).
Koopman WJ, Willems PH, Smeitink JA.
New England Journal of Medicine. 366(12):1132-41 (2012).
Koene S, de Laat P, van Tienoven DH, Vriens D, Brandt AM, Sweep FC, Rodenburg RJ, Donders AR, Janssen MC, Smeitink JA.
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 55(8): 698-706 (2013).
Koene S, de Laat P, van Tienoven DH, Vriens D, Brandt AM, Sweep FC, Rodenburg RJ, Donders AR, Janssen MC, Smeitink JA.
Neurology. 83(2):125-33 (2014).
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